![]() Retains its own shape and volume Is virtually incompressible Diffusion within a solid occurs extremely slowly Does not flow crystalline – solids with highly ordered structuresĪssumes both the volume and shape of container is compressible diffusion within a gas occurs rapidly flows readilyĪssumes the shape of the portion of the container it occupies Does not expand to fill container Is virtually incompressible Diffusion within a liquid occurs slowly Flows readily.intermolecular forces hold molecules together and keep them from moving.attractive forces not strong enough to keep molecules from moving allowing liquids to hold shape of container.lack of strong attractive forces allows gases to expand.average kinetic energy of the molecules is larger than average energy of attractions between molecules.The kinetic energy keeps the molecules apart and moving around, and is a function of the temperature of the substance and the intermolecular forces try to draw the particles together. The state of a substance depends on the balance between the kinetic energy of the individual particles (molecules or atoms) and the intermolecular forces. The layer closest to this plate will thus move with the maximum velocity.\)ġ1.1: A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Also, the plate in between the two plates, is moving ahead with a constant speed of 1 m s − 1. Solution: B) The two horizontal plates are at rest. Fluid in contact with the moving plate and which is on the side of the nearer plate is moving with maximum velocity.That layer which is in contact with the moving plate and is on the side of the farther plate is moving with maximum velocity.The layer of the fluid, which is in contact with the moving plate, has the maximum velocity.Fluid layer with the maximum velocity lies midway between the plates.If the plate moves with a constant speed of 1 m s − 1, then: ![]() A thin plate of surface area 0.01 m 2 is moved parallel to the length of the plate such that the plate is at a distance of 2 m from one of the plates and 4 c m from the other. Q: The space between two large horizontal metal plates 6 c m apart, is filled with a liquid of viscosity 0.8 N / m. Therefore we may write, η = N m -2 or Pasġ Poise = 1 g cm -1s -1 = 0.1 kg m -1 s -1 Solved Examples For You Therefore we may write: η = dynes cm -2 sec or the units of viscosity are dynes sec cm -2. You can download Mechanical Properties of Fluids Cheat Sheet by clicking on the download button belowīrowse more Topics under Mechanical Properties Of Fluids Hence the coefficient of viscosity may be defined as the force of friction required to maintain a velocity difference of 1 cm/sec between two parallel layers, 1 cm apart and each having an area of 1 sq cm. If dx =1, A = 1 sq cm dv = 1 cm/sec, then f = η. Where η is a constant known as the coefficient of viscosity and dv/dx is called velocity gradient. The force of friction f between two layers each having area A sq cm, separated by a distance dx cm, and having a velocity difference of dv cm/sec, is given by: Viscosity is the force of friction which one part of the liquid offers to another part of the liquid. In other words, every layer offers some resistance or friction to the layer immediately below it. As we move from the centre towards the walls, the velocity of the layers keeps on decreasing. It is a type of flow with a regular gradation of velocity in going from one layer to the next. As we move from the wall towards the centre of the tube, the velocity of the cylindrical layers keeps on increasing till it is maximum at the centre. ![]() ![]() The layers which are in contact with the walls of the tube are almost stationary. Imagine the liquid to be made up of a large number of thin cylindrical coaxial layers. All parts of the liquids do not move through the tube with the same velocity. Hence, they are less viscous or have low viscosity.Ĭonsider a liquid flowing through a narrow tube. This is because of the weak intermolecular forces. The liquids which flow rapidly have a low internal resistance. Therefore, these liquids are more viscous and have high viscosity. This is because of the strong intermolecular forces. The liquids which flow slowly, have high internal resistance. It is the internal resistance to flow possessed by a liquid.
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